помогите в решении заданий - вопрос №470937

I. Прочитайте следующий текст. (переводить не нужно)

 

MONETARY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

 

1. The problem of ‘too much’ or ‘too little’ money is as old as the world itself. A healthy economy needs money supply that promotes economic growth and high employment without inflation. Even in ancient times people wanted things, so they had to trade with each other to obtain them. Since moneydidn't exist in those days, people needed an instrument of exchange. Some commonplace commodities such as grains, knives, animal skins became an accepted means of payment for goods and services. For example, ten beaver skins were worth two knives, one axe and one bale of tobacco.

2. However, partners of exchange were not always able to reach an agreement and very often bargains were not made.

3. Money practically didn't exist in Colonial America. The early colonists occasionally used coins and currency of other nations, such as Spanish dollars. Barter was as usual as day and night and it seriously limited the amount of economic activity. Soon people began to realize that using such things as tobacco and animal skins as a means of exchange didn't work properly.

4. Let's move on in time and see how the monetary system developed in Colonial America. In 1776 the war started and the new government had the problem of financing the war. The Continental Congress wasn't able to finance the war and to collect taxes. The thirteen colonies reserved that right. But to get more money they had to borrow it from the French and Dutch.

5. The Continental Congress authorized the printing of paper money called ‘continentals’. The government issued an excessive amount of ‘continentals’ that caused a sharp inflation. By 1779 one ‘continental’ was worth only two cents. It was a case of ‘too much’ money. Inflation and war caused shortages and prices on almost all commodities increased greatly. It was very difficult to stop such a runaway inflation.

6. After the adoption of the Constitution in 1790 the new congress faced the problem of creating the national monetary system. It authorized the redemption of the continentals in exchange for government bonds. It also established the mint of gold and silver coins. TheUSbank issued paper currency backed by gold and silver. The more gold the country had the more paper money it could print because money was backed by gold. All that should have solved the money problem. At first it worked, but a few years later the market price of silver dropped because too much silver had been mined. Less valuable silver coins were increasingly used and more valuable gold was taken out of the circulation. With only silver in circulation there was ‘too little’ money and as a result of this theUSAeconomy slowed down and unemployment increased.

7. It is certainly a great problem to find the right balance between ‘too little’ and ‘too much’ money. Maintenance of a healthy economy without causing inflation or recession is still the most difficult problem we have to solve.

 

II. Найдите в пятом абзаце текста предложение, содержащее сравнительную конструкцию. Выпишите это предложение.

 

III. Найдите в 1, 3, 5, 6 абзацах текста семь случаев употребления модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов. Выпишите эти предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты.

 

IV. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1. Why did certain commonplace commodities become an accepted means of payment for goods and services in ancient times?

2. What problem did the new government of Colonial America face in 1776?

3. What was the first paper money in Colonial America called?

4. What caused a sharp inflation in the 1770s?

5. What did the new congress authorize and establish?

 

V. Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите из каждого глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог.

 1. The firm has expanded its business activity through the use of credit.

2. Fifty four per cent of individual shareholders have shares in only one company, usually one of those that have been privatized.

3. The company has been using credit since the beginning of the fiscal year.

4. Our company decided to apply for a loan after it had spent most of its funds.

 

 

 

 

 

Вопрос задан анонимно
19.11.12
1 ответ

Лучший ответ по мнению автора

Могу помочь Вам с выполненим этого задания. 

20.11.12
Лучший ответ по мнению автора

Еva

Читать ответы

Елена

Читать ответы

Юлия

Читать ответы
Посмотреть всех экспертов из раздела Учеба и наука > Английский язык
Пользуйтесь нашим приложением Доступно на Google Play Загрузите в App Store